The COVID-19 variant BA.3.2, also known as Cicada, is spreading quickly across the United States after being detected in wastewater systems of 25 states and clinical samples from patients.
Key Takeaways
The COVID-19 variant BA.3.2, nicknamed 'Cicada,' is spreading rapidly across the U.S., detected in wastewater from 25 states and clinical samples. First identified in South Africa, it carries significant mutations that may evade immunity.
- BA.3.2 detected in 25 U.S. states through wastewater surveillance
- Variant first identified in South Africa, now spreading globally
- Significant spike protein mutations raise concerns about immune evasion
- No evidence yet of increased severity compared to previous variants
- Current vaccines may offer reduced protection but still guard against severe illness
First identified in South Africa in November 2024, BA.3.2 has since spread to at least 23 countries and was first confirmed in the U.S. in June 2025. The variant carries 70 to 75 genetic changes in its spike protein, which may help it partially evade immunity from prior infection or vaccination.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been tracking BA.3.2 through its Traveler-Based Genomic Surveillance program. As of February 11, the variant had been detected in nasal swabs from four U.S. travelers, clinical samples from five patients, three airplane wastewater samples, and 132 wastewater surveillance samples across 25 states.
Despite its rapid spread, there is currently no evidence that BA.3.2 causes more severe disease than previous variants. However, the significant mutations in its spike protein raise concerns about immune evasion. The CDC notes that ongoing genomic surveillance is needed to monitor the virus's evolution and assess its potential impact on public health.
In Northern Europe, the variant has become more prevalent this winter, accounting for 30% of cases in Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands. While it remains a minority strain in the U.S., experts are monitoring its spread closely. Laboratory data suggests that current vaccines may offer reduced protection against BA.3.2 infection but still provide defense against severe illness.
Public health officials advise annual COVID-19 vaccinations, with high-risk individuals considering a second shot in late spring to protect against potential summer surges. Home test kits are expected to remain effective as they detect parts of the virus that do not change quickly.
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